Town Crier Articles

Posted on July 1, 2026 6:57 AM by Mary Cheston
 
On July 14th, the James City County Board of Supervisors (BOS) is scheduled to discuss the proposed Westwood Park development adjoining New Town. (Note that this Z-23-0004 rezoning hearing has been deferred on five previous occasions: BOS hearing advertised and opened on 10/14/25 and continued; 2/10/26 hearing deferred until April; 4/10/26 hearing deferred until May; 5/12/26 hearing deferred until June, 6/9/26 hearing deferred until July.)
 
ABVA submitted additional changes to its rezoning application in June 2026. Some key changes are reflected below, outlining the evolution of this rezoning proposal since its initial conception in 2021 as the “last section of New Town”.
 
 
In addition to the residential density reduction shown above, to address concerns related to stormwater management, ABVA’s latest revised application includes:
 
  • an expanded passive park protection area directly adjacent to “the most impacted section of Powhatan Creek” (at the end of Discovery Park Blvd.) in hopes of precluding discharges into the stream’s headwaters. This Powhatan Creek Protection Area will be an easement with use limitations to ensure its natural state per new Proffer 9.  (See figure below.)
 
  • language committing to control stormwater discharge towards Charlotte Park. “The master stormwater management plan shall include requirements that no post-development stormwater from the Property be discharged toward the boundary of the Property with the Charlotte Park subdivision and that all outlet protection be sized for the 100-year, post-development storm and shall show the location of stream restoration/improvements needed in Powhatan Creek, Subwatershed #208.”
 
 
ABVA’s June 2026 proffers also specify that “no building shall be located closer than 200 feet from the boundary of the Property with Section 7 of New Town.” This strengthens the Charlotte Park neighborhood’s proposed 100 ft buffer. ABVA's application has retained prior commitments to provide a $225,000 contribution to stream channel restoration and that Westwood Park will have a separate identity, its own homeowners association, amenities, design guidelines, and will be accessed solely via Discovery Park Boulevard. 
 
The JCC Board of Supervisors are the decision makers for ABVA’s rezoning request. Hearing materials including the results of JCC staff’s latest application review will be available on the JCC website about 1 week prior to July 14th: https://jamescitycova.portal.civicclerk.com/event/1536/files. The BOS meeting will begin at 5:00 PM in the County Government Center Board Room, 101 Mounts Bay Road, Building F, Williamsburg, VA. All interested persons are invited to attend the hearing and may speak on the rezoning application. Comments may also be emailed in advance to jccboard@jamescitycountyva.gov or community.development@jamescitycountyva.gov.
Posted on July 1, 2026 6:54 AM by David Carter
 
Major housing developments planned adjacent to New Town - Westwood Park and Cardinal Ridge - as well as another near Toano continue to evolve, with the James City County Board of Supervisors decisions at their June meeting once again being deferred to await additional details from developers. Westwood Park’s public hearing will convene again mid-July.
 
Of major concern is the possibility of, yet again, extending Olive Drive in Charlotte Park to be used as a second entrance to Westwood Park. We had been assured previously by the developer this was a no go and in 2021 VDOT advised James City County that increased traffic through our narrow residential streets was going to be problematic! But there is strong sentiment among the Board of Supervisors that single access developments should not be allowed in the county.
 
Currently Westwood Park, which will abut Charlotte Park, is planned with a single entry from Discovery Boulevard. Another possibility was to create another entrance from Discovery Boulevard traveling eastward to connect with Tewning Road, but the terrain made this an expensive option and it is not clear whether the developer fully explored this alternative. Considering single-entry communities are not unusual and access from Discovery Park Boulevard is more than adequate, cutting a new road even just for emergencies where Olive Drive currently ends and begins, crossing our walking trail is totally inappropriate and should sound an alarm bell!
 
If an extension were to happen, traffic would most likely enter off Casey Boulevard onto Center Street, which is not that wide and then traffic would turn left at the pool, and then a quick right turn onto Elizabeth Davis Boulevard before turning right onto Olive Drive. Traffic could also come down Rollison Drive from Casey Boulevard with no stop signs, to the “extended” Olive Drive, or from Rollison Drive to Elizabeth Davis Boulevard’s narrow street, and then a right on Olive.
 
The potential impact to our neighborhoods with increased traffic, noise, pollution, heavy construction vehicles likely for years, and service vehicles, plus perhaps 1-2 homeowner cars and SUVs for the 139 new homes will present safety concerns at our community pool as well as the neighborhood in general. There are also impacts to wildlife such as the turtles and ducks, and yes deer, that often-cross Olive Drive. Not good!
 
Nothing is set in stone at this point and to be fair the developer’s application does not include a cut-through, but it’s imperative to remain vigilant and informed and to contact JCC representatives  (See https://www.jamescitycountyva.gov/212/Board-of-Supervisors or email jccboard@jamescitycountyva.gov) as well as our Homeowners Association Board members to let your voices be heard. Again, the County would have the right to take any land for a potential extension of Olive Drive, and the street is platted with a right of way “in order to provide ingress and egress to and from…adjacent parcels.”  The most recent Westwood Park application highlights that a second entryway was part of their original development plans “(this removed a planned access from Charlotte Park).”  What’s that saying, "it's not over, til it's over."
 
The Westwood Park development will affect us all but especially if a second Olive Drive entrance is required by the County - whether you use the pool, enjoy the trails here or participate in the social events in the common areas that offer respite and neighborly exchanges.
 
And then there’s the larger Cardinal Ridge development by D.R. Horton, a Texas based national builder who typically builds “spec” homes already outfitted for quick move-ins without customization, planning to build over 1000 homes and some commercial buildings on the Eastern State Hospital grounds opposite the JCC Recreation Center and the new county government center and public library currently under construction. More cars, more noise, and this will go on for years and years.
Posted on July 1, 2026 6:47 AM by Liz Fones-Wolf
 
Leslie Lautenslager, an expert in international protocol, served as General Colin Powell’s executive assistant for twenty-five years and in that role experienced history in the making. In an enthusiastic presentation at the June 18th New Town talk, she helped bring this important figure to life describing, as she called it “the human side of General Powell.”  She shared behind-the-scenes and behind-the-headlines stories from the 25 years she spent working closely with Colin Powell.
 
General Powell was an important presence in the White House through multiple administrations. After serving as Ronald Reagan’s National Security advisor, he became the first African American and youngest Chairman of Joint Chief of Staff in George HW Bush administration, in which he played critical role in planning Operation Desert Storm against Iraq. During President George W. Bush’s presidency, he served as Secretary of State, the first African American to hold this important office.  In the wake of the 9/11 attack, Powell was tasked with building international coalitions and for creating support for America’s intervention in Iraq. 
 
Leslie began working with Powell in 1996 and ultimately was in charge of protocol, organizing his schedule and logistics, essentially his executive assistant or aide-de-camp. She described Powell’s leadership approach.  He expected his subordinates to honestly express their opinions about his decisions. He, in turn, trained Leslie and other staff members with formal “love notes,” which analyzed their performance and laid out his expectations. 
 
While he was trained in the military, in many ways Powell was the ultimate politician.  He was an impressive speaker, who could “command the room with his presence.”  We learned that Powell prepared meticulously for his speeches and diplomatic events. None of Powell’s thousands of speeches were written out, and he had such a command of his subjects that he rarely referred to written notes.  
 
At social and diplomatic functions, he knew how to work the room, moving through a crowd, interacting with as many people as possible and building rapport with each person. Leslie’s job in these instances was, if necessary, to run interference, and he and Lautenslager had secret ways of communicating during events.  In her talk, she also recounted how at times she saved Powell from embarrassing situations, such as the time when he opened the door to his hotel room and found a naked man asleep on the bed.   
 
Lautenslager also shared anecdotes about Powell that revealed his human side. She noted that while the world saw Powell as a distinguished diplomat, statesman and tough military leader, he was also funny, gracious and kind. Among friends and family, he was known for enjoying his comfort food, as a “car guy, and as a “terrible backseat driver.”  He also loved Broadway and the pop group ABBA and at one performance of the pop group was seated with Donny Osmond on one side of the aisle and Israel’s  Benjamin Netanyahu unexpectedly across the aisle.
  
At times Powell was a comedian and practical jokester.  Leslie shared the story of how as Secretary of State he invited the Secretary of Defense, the head of the National Security Council and several other high government officials to an elaborate formal lunch.  But when the food was served, on the plates were brown paper bags with peanut butter and jelly sandwiches, chips, a cookie and yahoo chocolate milk.   
 
While most of Leslie’s remanences were light-hearted stories, she did note that although Colin Powell grew up in an integrated and cohesive South Bronx community, he was not insulated from racism. He graduated from City College of New York and earned his commission in the army through ROTC. His first assignment was at Fort Bragg, North Carolina and he was told not to stop on his drive to the base because there were only two hotels that accepted “colored people.” Once there, he was also told never to leave the base because the army could not guarantee his safety in Fayetteville. While Powell overcame most racial barriers, Lautenslager also recalled that in 2008, while Powell was in Hong Kong, he learned that Barack Obama had won the presidency in a landslide. At that moment he cried and said “Look how far we have come.”  
 
   
Posted on July 1, 2026 6:42 AM by Liz Fones-Wolf, Activities Committee
 
Do you know what to do if water suddenly starts spurting from a pipe in your bathroom? Yes, you can call a plumber, but your house may be flooded by the time he or she arrives. What should you do if you smell gas in the house or there is a fire? Also, what kind of home maintenance is necessary to prevent costly repairs and to meet NTRA guidelines? What can you do by yourself, even if you are not handy.   What basic tools are necessary?   
 
At the May 21st New Town Talk, these are some of the questions that JCC CERT member, NTRA Board member and jack-of-all trades, Jack Espinal, provided answers to an appreciative audience. In fact, one audience member had to leave early and requested that Jack give his talk again. 
 
Water Leaks and Stopped up Pipes
 
There are quite a few home maintenance things that even the most inept of us can do. Several of them involve plumbing.  From Jack, we learned how to stop a toilet or faucet from leaking by locating the valve behind the toilet or under the sink and turning it clockwise to turn off the water to prevent damage to the house.  Also, it is important to know the location of the valve that turns off water to your outside faucets. This is necessary to prevent those pipes from freezing in the winter, which can lead to a costly repair bill. (In my house the valve is in the garage on the outside wall.) When we have an extremely cold snap, like this past winter, Jack advised also temporally letting your inside faucets slowly drip and in unheated areas insulating your pipes by wrapping them.
 
There are some repairs or maintenance tasks we can all do. For instance, if your water is running slowly from the sink, use a plunger or a plumber’s snake tool, to pull out the blockage from the sink – both are well worth buying. A simple snake to pull out that pesky hair from the pipe is less than $5. If that does not work, look under the sink and you will see a u-shaped trap pipe, which might hold the blockage. Unscrew the nuts holding the trap and pull out the blockage. There are lots of YouTube videos on this and other maintenance tasks that will provide visual guidance and increase your confidence and save you from paying for a visit from a  plumber, who will charge at least $90 an hour.  
 
Replacing HVAC Filters
 
Another simple thing that all of us need to do every three months is  to replace the filters behind the HVAC grill, which is a specialized cover for the intake vents of our heating and air conditioning systems. They allow air to be pulled from a room back into the HVAC unit.  These filters help provide us with cleaner air and extend the life of our expensive furnaces and air conditioners.  
 
The HVAC return grills are the large square or rectangular vents on the walls or ceilings. There is one on every level of our homes and each filter has information about its size on it. You can buy the filters at local stores and replacing them is easy. You just open the return air grill, replace the old filter (it will be dirty!), and ensure the new filter is oriented in the correct direction. For safety, it is recommended to turn off your HVAC system at the thermostat before starting.   
 
Safety Measures
 
IF YOU SMELL GAS.  Gas has strong, distinct odor like that of rotten eggs. If you smell it and or hear a hissing or blowing sound coming from your gas lines or appliances, you may have a gas leak, which is very dangerous – think house explosion.  You should get out of the house and call 911 and Virginia Natural Gas Company hotline 1-877-572-3342.  Do not use cell phones, light switches, or anything that could cause a spark around the smell area.
 
If possible, ask a neighbor for help in turning the gas off outside your house (requires a wrench). You should locate in advance the meter and valve. The gas meter is typically located outside your home (on the side or rear) where the gas line comes up from the ground. Look for the shut-off valve on the vertical pipe (riser) that goes into the ground before the regulator and meter. 
 
Keep a 12-inch or larger adjustable wrench or designated gas shut-off tool near your emergency supplies so it is ready in case of a leak. 
 
Fires
 
You should have a fire extinguisher under the sink in your kitchen. Create an evacuation plan with family members. If you have any kind of fire, call the fire department. Even if you put it out, they should check to make sure everything is safe.
 
Kitchen Fires:  If you are cooking with grease, never walk away from the stove. If you have a small cooking fire, use the fire extinguisher. Do not aim it directly at the fire but at the base of the fire. If  grease catches fire do not use water to put it out – use a fire blanket or fire extinguisher
 
Dryer Fires:  To prevent dryer fires be sure to clean the dryer filter of lint regularly and clean the vent system.
 
Electrical Fires:  Never plug window air conditioners into a power strip and avoid overloading power strips.
 
Other tips from Jack
  • If possible, keep your important papers in a fire-proof box. 
  • If you take medications, put a list of them on your refrigerator, which will be incredibly helpful to those helping you if you have a medical emergency.
  • Make a small investment in a few tools including a flat-head and Phillips screw drivers, maybe in two or more sizes; hammer; utility knife; pliers; and adjustable open-end wrench. Or you can shock your children by asking for, as a present, a home tool set.
  • Finally, introduce yourself to your neighbors and exchange contact information. You never know when you or they may need help.
Posted on June 1, 2026 6:55 AM by Mary Cheston
 
A major issue for the greater Williamsburg/James City County area is the availability of affordable housing especially for service industry employees. As a mixed use community, New Town was built with commitments for its developers to provide a certain percent or number of homes for sale to households earning 80 percent or less of the area median income or to be sold at a set below-market price listed in the developer’s proffers. A total of 78 New Town lots were identified for these affordable homes. However, only the initial sale of the property was governed by these economic conditions. Over time, ownership changed and subsequent home sales rose to market prices.
 
What is the situation in New Town today? Of the 78 homes (locally referred to as cottages) built to provide mixed housing, only 34, including all 16 of the newer (2024) cottages in Shirley Park, are original owner-occupied. 19 cottages – including 7 purchased solely by investors even when originally listed as affordable housing – are rental units. The 37 remaining homes have resold as many as 5 times.
 
Beyond the purchase of a home, New Town is an HOA community with owners subject to annual dues/assessments. With the exception of Eagle Construction of Virginia who mandated that 3 Village Walk homes receive a 30% neighborhood assessment reduction each year, New Town’s developers did not provide any allowances for reduced assessments for owners of workforce housing. The covenants/governing documents for the New Town Residential Association require full general assessments for all owners.
 
If New Town’s experience holds, affordable housing without any time stipulations/obligations or assessment reductions, likely remains “affordable” only for a short period. Are there lessons to be learned for future mixed use housing developments?
 
Proposed Housing Proffers for Eastern State Hospital Developments (as of May 30)  
 
Per James City County’s website, “The purchasing power of highly paid workers and well situated retirees has driven up the average cost of housing and encouraged private sector development to focus on the more profitable end of the housing spectrum.”  To encourage developers to include affordable and workforce units, the county utilizes the following:  
  • Expedited Permitting: Fast-track subdivision, site plan, and building permit processing for developments that qualify.
  • Fee Waivers/Reductions: Potential to waive, reduce, or rebate development and permitting fees.
  • Density Bonuses: Allowance for higher residential density in exchange for including affordable housing units in the Primary Service Area.
  • Land & Cash Contributions: The county accepts land or cash contributions from developers of by-right and residential projects to fund dedicated affordable housing trust funds. (The planned James City County Community Land Trust seeks to create and preserve permanently affordable housing and community assets by leasing land for long-terms (e.g. 99 years) while selling homes on the land to income-qualified owners or organizations.)  
     
The 2045 County Comprehensive Plan recommends that at least 20% of a development’s proposed new dwellings be affordable.  Ultimately, developers can propose whatever incentives or mix of approaches fit their situation when seeking JCC zoning approval.  
 
  • Westwood Park is offering at least 20 percent of its 155 units for sale or offered for rent “targeted at households earning 80% or less of the Area Median Income.” Their application sets a maximum sale price then defines the way sale prices will be calculated in subsequent years. ABVA further provides for a second deed of trust with shared appreciation with the County for any affordable homes sold for a period of 7 years (versus the 10 and 15 year trusts in New Town). Rental units are to be made available for 20 years at reduced rates (30% of household income for qualified households) with an annual report submitted to the County Zoning Administrator.  [Note: ABVA has requested that Board of Supervisors further defer their rezoning application to its July 14, 2026 meeting. “We will be submitting revisions to the application shortly.”]
  • The proffers for Cardinal Ridge’s application have evolved from initially offering only affordable rental units to similarly offering at least 20 percent of its sale or rental residences (202 units) to households whose income is equal or less than 80% of the Area Median Income. Prices for the initial home sales with annual adjustments are specified with a seven-year second deed of trust for the County covering the difference between the sale and market rate price appreciation. The affordable rental units (set at less than 30% of household income for qualified households) are also for a period of “at least 20 years.”
[Note: our Area Median Income is currently $106,500.]
 
Essentially both proposed Eastern State Hospital land developments are offering about the same terms for residences that they have proffered to be affordable including commitments to long-term reduced rental units.
Posted on June 1, 2026 6:51 AM by Town Crier Staff
Submitted by your concerned neighbor, B Friendly.
 
You may have seen this on the NTRA website Notices page:
 
“PET MAINTENANCE & CONTROL:  The NTRA Board asks that New Town residents "Be a good neighbor and don't allow your dog to damage lawns and shrubs in New Town.” 
 
This should actually go a step further because dog urine while you can’t pick it up contains high concentrations of nitrogen and salts. The sheer volume of repeated concentrated spots burns the grass by dehydrating the roots through osmotic stress.
 
But it also needs to be said that often, some, not all, dog owners, while walking their dogs, let them run into people’s yards, sniff, and pee and that’s just not right. Homeowners actually own their private property and work in their yards and flower beds where Fluffy and Fido just peed, and well, that again isn’t neighborly! Now this author loves dogs (and cats) but when a dog owner lets their dogs onto private property, where they don’t belong that creates a problem and it’s not neighborly!
 
Common areas are also another concern by many homeowners. While they are for everyone’s common use, it doesn’t mean they are for Fluffy and Fido to make it their domain for peeing and well, pooping. By the way, thank you for cleaning up after them, but if other homeowners want to use the common area for badminton, frisbee, well anything like that, your neighbors and their guests certainly don’t want to have to worry about what was left there! And maybe they don’t know until it’s too late. Ewwww! Overuse also invites other critters to these areas who are not as sophisticated as your fur babies!
 
So please respect your neighbors and both private and common areas and please, curb your dog. Fyi, the legal term “Curb your dog” means by the street. And check it out, if you don’t know, there is a great free dog park at Kidsburg/Veterans Park. Enjoy your summer!
 
Posted on June 1, 2026 6:50 AM by Gale Hyatt
 
 New Town currently has 2 active Bunco groups that play September thru May, and we feel there is definitely a need for a third, maybe even a 4th group. If you are interested in being a regular or sub player, even if you already belong to a Bunco group and want to play more than once or twice per month, please contact Gale Hyatt (Ladyhappy73@gmail.com) and Terri Finn (terrifinn93@gmail.com).
 
BUNCO INFORMATION
 
This classic dice game is an amazing game to enjoy with a group of friends, either 8 or 12 players. If you are ready to laugh, compete, and maybe talk a little friendly trash, this could be the game for you.
 
Bonus?  It’s super easy to learn, so even if you have never played before, you will be rolling the dice like a pro in no time.  It’s the perfect excuse to get all your favorite people in one place for an evening or afternoon of fun and games. Also, don’t forget a few snacks and beverages.
 
The whole point of Bunco is pretty simple: you just roll the dice and try to match the number for whatever round you are playing. Example, if it’s the first round, you are trying to roll ones, second round roll twos, etc. 
 
All you need are: 
  • Two (2) or three (3) tables for 8 or 12 players, i.e. four at each table!
  • Three dice  per table!
  • Score sheets and pencils  ✏️  for each player (gotta keep track of those wins!)!
  • A bell  at the Head Table! 
  • Money (Whatever amount your group decides on. Example five (5) $1.00 bills. and at the end of the evening, you may come home with a little extra cash ! Now who doesn’t mind having a little extra funds to shop with. 
For further information pertaining to Bunco, just google Bunco.
 
Enjoy your summer and we look forward to hearing from you.
Posted on June 1, 2026 6:45 AM by Town Crier Staff
Here's a roundup of upcoming free events here in New Town.
 
Sponsored by the New Town Residential Association Activities Committee:
  • June 6th - pizza party at the New Town Community pool
  • June 18th - New Town Talk at noon in the NTRA meeting space (5118 Center Street)
Leslie Lautenslager, aide to General and former U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell for 25 years, will talk about her experiences working with Powell.
 
 
Don't forget the remaining Wednesday night concerts at Sullivan Square from 5 to 8PM, co-sponsored by the New Town Commercial Association, James City County and Culture Fix. The lineup includes a rescheduled two-band concert - now planned for June 17th: Carey Lacey and Codey Christian and the Congregation. 
 
 
 
 
Posted on June 1, 2026 6:40 AM by Town Crier Staff
Submitted by concerned resident, B. Friendly.
 
Skittles, those tiny rainbow colored candies many of us may still enjoy today! But wait a minute. Are those skittles in the street? Yes, they are indeed. Spread out all over the street on the same day Bayside was in the neighborhood picking up trash. But why are they in the street? Was there a Skittles catastrophic event, or did someone throw them loosely in their bin without securing them in a sealed Hefty bag?
 
Like some other loose things - grease, bones, broken chards of glass, and the like - when they’re not properly tied up, 
they find their way onto our private streets, and sometimes we bring them right into our garage.
 
Well, I always liked Skittles, but not like I once did. Please bag your trash securely.
 
 
 
Posted on May 1, 2026 6:50 AM by NTRA Activities Committee
Categories: General
 
At our April Noon Time talk, resident Liz Fones-Wolf, a retired West Virginia University Professor of History, explored the experiences of American women in the armed services during World War II. 
 
She pointed out that during the war 16 million men entered the military. This created a huge demand for labor and encouraged by the government, 4 million women flooded into the new defense industries and other traditionally male jobs. Indeed, the most common image today of women contributing to war effort is Rosie the Riveter. Rosie challenged gender norms, but her work was seen as necessary and generally applauded.
 
At the same time, powerful military leaders like General George Marshall urged women to join the armed forces to free up men for combat. Due to the military's bureaucratic structure, almost one-third of Army personnel were assigned to clerical work. Marshall wanted to get soldiers out from behind desk and into field. Despite strong resistance, Congress established the WACS, (Army), the WAVES (Navy), the SPARS (Coast Guard) and even female marines, who had no special name because the Marines believed a marine was a marine.   
 
During the war 350,000 women joined the military, far fewer that Marshall wanted because except for the 76,000 nurses, many Americans were alarmed by women in uniform, seeing them as a serious threat to traditional sex roles.
 
Liz then discussed the experience of nurses, which was much less controversial because nursing was a feminized profession and there was already an established military nursing corps. Of all the women in uniform, nurses had the least sheltered experience of war and often the most brutal. Nurses served in every theater of operation around the world, wading ashore during the invasions of North Africa and Italy and were in France four days after D-Day. Nurses served close to the front lines, risking their lives alongside male doctors and medics - 230 were killed in action and many others wounded. Military nurses were celebrated by the public for their dedication and bravery.
 
Liz noted that the recruitment of women did not mean that the United States underwent a social or sexual revolution because the military retained traditional views of gender. Indeed women were treated with little respect and often described as ditsy. Only 33,000 WACs served overseas, mostly in England, but also in North Africa, the Pacific and Burma theaters. Both General Douglas McArthur and General Dwight Eisenhower sang their praises.
 
At home and overseas, most women were restricted to typical female work. A wider variety opened up as the war progressed and women demonstrated their abilities. Women became mechanics, truck drivers, parachute riggers, and sheet metal workers and more. Skilled women even trained male soldiers. General Marshall was so pleased with their performance; he wanted to increase the number of WACs to 600,000.
 
But in 1943 recruitment stalled due to an orchestrated slander campaign in which female members of the military were accused of being sexually promiscuous. Although it was first suspected the rumors were planted by Nazi agents, the military discovered that the source from its own male ranks, with soldiers writing home that 90 percent of WACS were prostitutes and demanding that their sisters, wives and girlfriends refuse military service.
 
Members of the audience were fascinated when New Towner Mike Sachse shared that both his parents were in the Navy and that his mother was so adept at gunnery she taught men in the Army Air Corps how to operate their machine guns. When she discussed joining the military, her father threatened to disown her, saying only whores joined the military. She still joined.
 
Field Hospital Nurses Arriving in France
 
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